What major function does the dentate gyrus serve in the context of memory?

The dentate gyrus plays a critical role in the process of creating new memories, particularly in the formation of episodic and spatial memories. It is a part of the hippocampal formation and is known for its ability to facilitate the integration of new information with existing knowledge. This integration is essential for encoding new experiences and memories.

The dentate gyrus is characterized by a high level of neurogenesis, meaning it generates new neurons throughout life. This process is important for the formation of new memories, as the newly formed neurons help to create distinct memory traces, allowing for more nuanced and varied memory encoding. By distinguishing between similar experiences, the dentate gyrus aids in the storage and retrieval of memories, providing a foundation for future learning.

Additionally, the hippocampus is integrally involved in declarative memory, which includes both episodic (events and experiences) and semantic (facts and knowledge) memories. The dentate gyrus contributes to this process by supporting the initial steps of memory formation before information is passed on to other areas of the hippocampus for further processing and storage.