What is the primary role of the insular cortex?

The insular cortex plays a multifaceted role in the brain, but its primary functions are more closely associated with processing sensory information than specifically with olfactory perception. It is a critical hub for integrating sensory experiences, particularly those related to bodily states and emotions, as well as being involved in the perception of pain, taste, and visceral sensations. The insula is also linked with emotional responses and self-awareness, bridging emotional experiences with sensory input.

While it may have some involvement with olfactory processing, particularly in the integration of olfactory information with other sensory modalities and emotional responses, its primary role extends beyond just olfactory perception. Instead, it is more accurately characterized by its broader role in processing a variety of sensory inputs from the body, thereby ensuring a well-rounded integration of physical state and emotional context for decision making and behavior regulation.

This comprehensive view of the insula emphasizes its significant role in the body's sensory and emotional experiences, distinguishing it from isolated functions like memory regulation or controlling voluntary movements.